Entlehnungen im Amerikanischen Englisch
aus den indianischen und europäischen Sprachen
Trees, Plants, Fruits
catalpa, catawba, hickory, pecan, persimmon, poke, scuppernong, sequoia, tamarack, tomato
Animals
cayuse, coyote, chipmunk, moose, muskrat, opossum, raccoon, skunk, terrapin, woodchuck
Fish
menhaden, muskellunge, porgy, quahog
Political Terms
caucus, mugwump, Tammany
Foods
hominy, hooch, pemmican, pone, succotash, supawn
Amerindian Culture
manitou, potlatch, powwow, sachem, skookum, totem, papoose, squaw, mackinaw, moccasin, tomahawk, wampum, hogan, igloo, kayak, tepee, wigwam
Miscellaneous
chautauqua, chinook, podunk, squash
Plants and Animals
caribou, crappie, gopher, pumkin
Foods
brioche, chowder, jambalaya, a la mode, praline, sazarac
Toponymics
bayou, butte, chute, coulee, crevasse, flume, levee, prairie, rapids, sault
Furniture and Building
armoire, bureau, depot, shanty
Exploration and Travel
bateau, cache, carry-all, pirogue, portage, toboggan, voyageur
Coinage
cent, dime, mill
Miscellaneous
apache, brave, Cajun, calumet, Canuck, chambray, charivari, lacrosse, lagniappe, parlay, picayune, rotisserie, sashay
Plants and Animals
alfalfa, marijuana, mesquite, yucca, armadillo, bronco, burro, barracuda, bonito, pompano, chigger/jigger, cockroach, coyote, mustang, palomino, pinto, vinegarroon
Food and Drink
chile con carne, enchilada, frijole, jerk/jerked, mescal, pinion nuts, taco, tamale, tequila, tortilla, guacamole
Clothing
chaps, poncho, serape, sombrero, ten-gallon hat
Ranch Life
buckaroo, chaparral, cinch, corral, cuarta, hacienda, lariat, lasso, peon, quirt, ranch, reata, rodeo, stampede, wrangler
Building
adobe, cafeteria, patio, plaza, pueblo
Mining
bonanza, placer
Legal and Penal
calaboose, cuartel, desperado, hoosegow, incommunicado, vigilantes
Toponymics
arroyo, barranca, canyon, key, mesa, sierra
Races and Nationalities
conch, coon, creole, dago, mulatto, octoroon, pickaninny, quadroon
Miscellaneous
coquina, fiesta, filibuster, hombre, loco, marina, mosey, pronto, rumba, savvy, stevedore, temblor, tornado, vamoose
Food
cole slaw, cookie, cruller, pit (“stone” or “seed”), pot cheese, waffle
Toponymics
bush (“back country”), hook (of land)
Transportation
caboose, scow, sleigh, span (of horses)
Farm and Building
hay barrack, stoop (“porch”), saw buck
Social Classification
boss, patroon, Yankee
Miscellaneous
boodle, dingus, dope, dump (“stupid”), logy, poppycock, Santa Claus, snoop, spook
Food and Drink
beer soup, blutwurst, bock beer, delicatessen, dunk, fossnocks, frankfurter, hamburger, lager beer, liverwurst, noodle, ponhaus, pretzel, pumpernickel, sauerbraten, sauerkraut, schnitzel, smear case, snits, springerle, stollen, sweitzer cheese, thick milk, wienerwurst, zwieback
Educational
diener (“laboratory assistant”), festschrift, semester, seminar
Social
Belschnickel, beer garden, bower (“jack” or “knave”), Christmas tree, Kris Kringle, pinochle, rathskeller, saengerfest, stein, Turner, turnverein
Miscellaneous
bub, bum, fresh (“impudent”), hausfrau, hex (noun and verb), katzenjammer, loafer, nix, phooey, spiel, spieler, wunderkind